On August 14, 1908, Springfield, Illinois, experienced a devastating race riot that profoundly impacted the African American community and the nation. The unrest was sparked by the arrest of two Black men, George Richardson and Joe James, accused of crimes against white individuals. A mob of approximately 5,000 white residents gathered, demanding their release. When authorities secretly moved the men to another location for their safety, the mob turned its fury on the Black community. Over the next two days, the rioters attacked Black neighborhoods, destroying homes and businesses, and lynching two Black men, Scott Burton and William Donnegan. At least 17 people died as a result of the riot: nine Black residents and eight white residents associated with the mob. The violence left about 2,000 Black residents homeless.

The Springfield race riot of 1908 became a catalyst for the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. The NAACP was organized to work on civil rights for African Americans.

In August 2024, President Joe Biden designated the site of the 1908 Springfield race riot as a national monument to honor the tragic event. The designation ceremony was attended by civil rights and community leaders in the Oval Office. Biden emphasized the importance of remembering such historical events to prevent history from being erased and to continue the fight for democracy.

Biden designates 1908 Springfield race riot site as national monument