In one of the earliest armed uprisings against British colonial authority, both Black and white indentured servants and enslaved people joined Nathaniel Bacon in a rebellion in Virginia. Known as Bacon’s Rebellion, this multiracial alliance challenged the colonial elite and protested British policies that protected Native American lands. Though the rebellion ultimately failed, it marked a pivotal moment in colonial history and alarmed the ruling class, contributing to the hardening of racial divisions and the entrenchment of chattel slavery in the American colonies.
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