After a series of defeats in 1861 and 1862, pressure from Congress increased on President Abraham Lincoln to enlist African Americans as soldiers in the Union Army. Charles Sumner, a prominent abolitionist, famously declared, “I do not say carry the war into Africa, but carry Africa in.” This marked the beginning of African American participation in the Civil War, with Black soldiers playing a crucial role in the Union’s eventual victory, despite the ongoing struggles for equality.
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