In an 8–1 decision in Smith v. Allwright, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to bar Black citizens from voting in Texas Democratic primaries. The Court rejected the claim that political parties were private organizations and affirmed that excluding Black voters violated the Fifteenth Amendment. This landmark decision helped dismantle the legal framework of the “white primary” and was a pivotal victory in the struggle for Black voting rights.
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