Though assassinated in February 1965, Malcolm X’s final writings and speeches had a profound impact on African labor leaders who gathered on May 1 of that year across newly independent nations like Tanzania. His message of Pan-African unity, anti-imperialism, and economic self-determination was widely circulated among African trade unions. In Tanzania, President Julius Nyerere referenced Malcolm X’s calls for global solidarity against Western economic domination during a major May Day address. The convergence of Black consciousness with labor movements solidified a new era of ideological fusion across the diaspora. Malcolm’s philosophy helped labor leaders reframe their work as part of a broader decolonial and cultural struggle.
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