On May 31, 1961, U.S. District Judge Irving Kaufman ordered the Board of Education of New Rochelle, New York, to integrate its public schools. This landmark ruling followed a lawsuit by African American parents who argued that the school board had maintained de facto segregation through zoning policies. Judge Kaufman’s decision marked one of the first northern desegregation rulings post-Brown v. Board of Education and helped set a legal precedent for challenging racial imbalance in schools outside the South.
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