South Carolina became the first state to secede from the United States, declaring itself an independent commonwealth, which marked a major step toward the formation of the Confederate States of America.

?? Blacks in the Confederacy

Though the Confederacy fought to preserve slavery, it was among the first to recognize the importance of enslaved Black labor to its war effort. Enslaved African Americans were impressed (forcibly conscripted) to:

• Work in mines for raw materials

• Repair and build railroads

• Construct fortifications, trenches, and other defenses

These forced contributions freed up a larger share of white men to serve in combat roles. Despite their vital labor, enslaved people received no recognition or freedom in return, and were often subjected to brutal conditions.