The American Colonization Society (ACS) was founded with the mission of resettling free African Americans to Africa, specifically to what would become Liberia. The organization’s motives were complex and controversial — while some members promoted it as a solution to racism and an opportunity for Black Americans to have self-determination, others supported it to remove free Black people from the U.S. due to fears of their influence on enslaved populations. Despite opposition from many African Americans, the ACS played a key role in the founding of Liberia, whose capital, Monrovia, was named after President James Monroe, an early supporter of the society.
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