Amidst a wave of violence and political unrest aimed at suppressing Black voters and Republican officials during Reconstruction, President Ulysses S. Grant dispatched federal troops to Vicksburg, Mississippi. This intervention came after white supremacist groups, including the “White League,” effectively overthrew the local government through force and intimidation. The federal action underscored the fragile state of civil rights and democracy for African Americans in the South during Reconstruction.
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